Essay on Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

Heroes come in many grads.  Some immense in size and strength as Hercules, some in the form of people that are shunned, such as Harriet Tubman, and some that are only valorous heroes to some, such as Kurt Cobain.  These heroes have many characteristics that make people mint to their side and follow them without a moment of hesitation.    In Sophocles Antigone the hero is a women who believes in her heart far stronger than that of her leaders rule.  Sophecles shows many of Antigones characteristics that are also seen in many heroes.  She is up against an impossible enemy, she does not fit well into societys mold, and is destroyed by her stimulate pride. For these characteristics Antigone is given the title of an epic Heroine. Antigone is one of the lucky townspeople to be born of a royal house.  As Antigone defies Creons law, she is cast into a pool of danger between what she believes is right and what the states law decrees is right.  As Ant igone is charged with the conceal of her brother, an action, which the King has declared unlawful, she holds like stone to her undying gratitude for her deceased brother.  She believes that this will help lift the curse plagued on the household.  The curse in which Antigones mystify tried to hold at bay and failed.   Her sister Ismene warned Antigone by exclaiming, Sister please, please  Remember how our father dies hated, in disgrace, wrapped in horror of himself, his own hand stabbing out his sight.  And how his mother-wife in one, twisted off her earthly twenty-four hourss with a cord.  And thirdly how our two brothers in a single day each achieved for each a suicidal Nemesis.  This has already given Antigone the mindset that even the Gods are against her will.  She is also up against a great foe in fighting that of Creons edict. Ismene said this The rest, if we defy our sovereigns edict and his power.  Remind ourselves that we are women , and such not made to fight with men.  For might unfortunately is right and makes us mold to things like this and worse. Antigone sees herself as not only one who can defy the power of the Gods but the power of the state.  Thus she would be up against a promote greater than her own.  Second, another characteristics of a tragic hero is that the person does not always fit into societys mold.

Anger in The Victims :: Victims

Anger in The Victims In The Victims, by Sharon Olds, the author reveals the dark side of a society where divorce is prevalent, nigh family members find it hard to screw with. In the first half of The Victims, it sounds like a young child is telling the experience regarding her parents divorce. The speaker unit expresses anger toward the pay back. When mother divorced you, we were glad. (Line 1) The we is probably some(prenominal) children and their mother. It appears they all experienced an unpleasant life with their father. The mother took it and took it, in silence (Lines 1 and 2) and the children were also told to endure the abuse. What was it that the mother had to take? From the reading it appears there was some type of abuse. The abuse could have been physical but was most likely verbal and then again it could have been total silence. The father could have been a workaholic and never spent any time with them. This type of neglect really hurts as there is no togetherness or closeness. The bitterness toward the father was cold, so untold so, that when he was fired, we grinned inside. (Lines 4 and 5) The speaker wanted some relief to the years of hurt so laughing about what happened to their father was an emotional outpouring of how the speaker wanted to get back at him. When the father was fired, the speaker compares this incidence to when Nixons helicopter lifted...the last time. During Nixons presidency, there was the Watergate scandal. News of this event carried most the world and most people wanted him impeached but instead he resigned. The feeling was that of remorse yet the country knew he had to leave. The same feeling is render in this statement. The speaker expresses happiness to the fact that those things of material value to their father were taken away. She is concerned over whether they would take away his suits. To her this is the only symbol of her fathers identity that she remembers and if they took the suits away, it would be a n end to the years of silence. Maybe the speaker felt like if the suits were taken away, then maybe her father would seek other type of job and not be so distant. The mother taught us to take it, to hate you (Line 15) until there were no thoughts of their father around them.

The Memoirs of Abbot Guibert of Nogent Essays -- Abbot Guibert Nogent

The Memoirs of Abbot Guibert of NogentWhen thinking about a medieval monastery the starting signal thing that come alongs to mind is the origin of the word monastery which comes from the Greek monos, meaning alone. Monasticism in itself is a way of life that is devoted to God in seclusion. A over life-size part of monasticism is isolation, not only from the neighbors but from family. When taking the vows to be a monk one not only completely devotes ones life to God but all friends, family and earthly possessions are left behind. Taking the vows of monasticism takes brutal dedication and severe strength. What pushed Guibert of Nogent into monasticism is that his mother withdrew from the world after his fathers death. During that time he was left alone and became genuinely rebellious. He also was drawn to the medieval reform of monasticism which gave it a more community aspect. Thirdly, literature and history became a large part of the monastery during the middle ages and Guibert wanted to be a successful writer and historian. When Guibert joined the monastery he joined a strict religious order that had come along way form the time of hermits and the reforms where relevant to him, for the most part. Guibert of Nogent became a monk because he was suited for monastic existence and to give himself the restraints and success he wanted from life.He was at a young age and was left without commission and became boisterous. On his adolescence, he says, I emulated older boys in their juvenile rowdiness, and I was completely bereft of responsibility and discretion. When he was left on his own Guibert became very unsettled and this lead to issues with himself and other around him. He wanted the body structure and dedication that life in a monastery provides. His mother wanted him to go beyond the church and was very against him going into the monastery. Taking that into consideration it gives Guibert a very difficult choice but he chose the one he wanted due to the gu idance of the abbot. In addition, he states how upset his mother was with him becoming a monk Invested me with it while my mother watched in tears from afar This shows how he is willing to disappoint his mother to please himself and that proves his dedication. When thinking about the sacrifices Guibert gave up in order to live the monastic life. Its what he truly wanted to be, a person cannot just join a monastery you have to... ... monk and thats because of his dedication, community and his educational values. He felt that the times when monks liked in isolation where over and he was able to match to this because of his relationship with his mother. He knew she was his guidance and he needed that assistance and comfort she provided for him. He enjoyed the community aspect by showing his authority by being an active member of society. That was supply by his need to be a critic on ever aspect of his abbacy and religious order. He was also very dedicated to reading and create verba lly which gave him a niche within the education aspect of the medieval monastery. Guibert of Nogent became a monk because he was suited for monastic existence and to give himself the restraints and success he wanted from life. Works CitedGuibert of Nogent. Self and society In Medieval France The Memoirs of Abbot Guibert of Nogent. Edited and Translated By John F. Benton. Toronto University of Toronto Press, 1984.Benton, John F. ed Introduction Self and Society In Medieval France The Memoirs of Abbot Guibert of Nogent. Edited and Translated By John F. Benton. Toronto University of Toronto Press, 1984.

The Triangular Silas Marner Essay -- Silas Marner Essays

The Triangular Silas Marner As a result of betrayal, Silas Marner of George Eliots so name novel becomes a man in body without incurring any of the duties normally associated with nineteenth century working class adults. Eliot creates these unusual circumstances by framing our title-hero so it appears to his comrades that he has stolen money. Thereby, she effectively rejects innocent Marner from his community and causes him to lose his fianc. At this pivotal moment in Marners life, just as he is more or less to assume fully the role of a man, depended upon as such by his neighbors, future wife and probable children, he is excised and does not successfully complete the transformation. Accordingly, he moves on to a new place, Raveloe, with the same carefree lack of responsibility as a boy, who is clearly unable to act like the man he seems he should be. By denying Marner the possibility of a traditional family from the start, Eliot immediately brings forward the ques tion of family values. A question that she answers in the course of her novel. Jeff Nunokawa, in his essay The Misers ii Bodies Silas Marner and the Sexual Possibilities of the Commodity, claims that Eliot simply shows support for family values (Nunokawa 273), and that she encourages them through her narrative (Nunokawa 290). As evidence, he cites quotations from the text that paint, as he puts it, men living without women... in a unsheathed region (Nunokawa 273). Adeptly, he points to Eliots line, The maiden was lost... and then what was left to them? (Nunokawa 273). Furthermore, Nunokawa goes on to label the moral implications of the novel as those of a blunt dichotomy, saying that Eliot hands her ref the ... ... for it is the middle ground between its own two opposites, which include the possibilities of not having a family at all and going with the one you are biologically given. Silas Marner is not a tale of black and white, right and wrong, it is more complex a nd aims to depict at least three angles -- if not more that I have, as of yet, failed to unravel. Bibliography Carroll, David, Reversing the Oracles of Religion, textbook Series on George Eliot, Ed. R. P. Draper. London Macmillan Press Ltd, 1977. Cave, Terence, Introduction to Oxford World Classics Silas Marner (see following entry for details.) Eliot, George. Silas Marner. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1996. Nunokawa, Jeff, The Misers Two Bodies Silas Marner and the Sexual Possibilities of the Commodity, Victorian Studies, 1993, Spring, v. 36. pp. 273-390.

Why Have Newsstands Disappeared? Essay -- Culture

Old and grey-headed. A big misfortune, it comes in different colour in green, black, and gray. The big box, with a man in it, overflows with merchandise varying from reading materials to fast snacks and leisurely drinks. Walking around saucy York metropolis, one sees these big rusty boxes everywhere, or at least people used to. A quick stop for the many local and national newspapers, a refreshing brisk soft drink on a hot summer day, or even a candy bar and a pack of gum. It is a convenient come out of the closet that one can just pass by and get what he or she needs without the hassle of a supermarket. If you stop by for the papers on your way to work or for a drink during your lunch break, usually a pleasant new(a) York immigrant will greet you. The man in the box is generally delighted to assist you as fast as he can so that you can continue on your day without delay. New York City is fast-paced and the immigrants in the boxes try to maximize their service speed to accommod ate New Yorkers requisites requests. At the same time, they be willing to have an interesting and compute conversation with you.Have you figured out what this place is? It is a newsstand. New York has had many newsstands for a very long time, and they have been a part of New Yorkers everyday lives. Its convenience adds to the experience of New York. You can find newsstands not only on the sidewalks of the city but also in its subway stations, where they are more of a man in a hole in the wall, instead of a man in a box. Those underground newsstands tend to offer up a faster service and you can also have a shopping experience if they are a bit bigger. Since you are in a subway station, they tend to be speedy due to the hurry of train riders since trains come and go.Newsstands are distributers of infor... ...e historic monuments since they have been through most of the history of New York. Getting rid of such symbolic element of the city tarnishes the citys impression. Not only w ould take away a symbolic image of New Yorks landscape but also represents New Yorks movement towards a drab and uninspired city. Works CitedBerliner, David C. Knowledge Is Power. Equity & virtue in Education 24.02 (1988). Print.Knowledge. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com. Web. 03 May 2012. Moss, Jeremiah. Newsstands. Jeremiahs Vanishing New York. 26 Oct. 2011. Web. Pearce, Lynn M. SIC 2711Newspapers Publishing, or Publishing and Printing. cyclopedia of American Industries. 6th ed. Detroit, MI Thomson/Gale, 2005. Print. Pearce, Lynn M. SIC 5994 News Dealers and Newsstands. Encyclopedia of American Industries. 6th ed. Detroit, MI Thomson/Gale, 2005. Print.

Why Have Newsstands Disappeared? Essay -- Culture

Old and rusty. A big box, it comes in different colors green, black, and gray. The big box, with a man in it, overflows with merchandise vary from reading materials to fast snacks and soft drinks. Walking around in the buff York City, one sees these big rusty boxes everywhere, or at least people used to. A quick stop for the many local and national newspapers, a refreshing brisk soft drink on a hot summer day, or even a candy bar and a pack of gum. It is a convenient place that one can just pass by and trace what he or she needs without the hassle of a supermarket. If you stop by for the papers on your way to work or for a drink during your tiffin break, usually a pleasant New York immigrant will greet you. The man in the box is generally delighted to assist you as fast as he can so that you can continue on your day without delay. New York City is fast-paced and the immigrants in the boxes try to maximize their service stop number to accommodate New Yorkers requisites requests. At the same time, they are willing to set about an interesting and elaborate conversation with you.Have you figured out what this place is? It is a newsstand. New York has had many newsstands for a very long time, and they have been a part of New Yorkers everyday lives. Its convenience adds to the experience of New York. You can pass off newsstands not only on the sidewalks of the urban center but also in its subway stations, where they are more of a man in a press in the wall, instead of a man in a box. Those underground newsstands tend to offer a faster service and you can also have a shopping experience if they are a bit bigger. Since you are in a subway station, they tend to be speedy due to the charge of train riders since trains come and go.Newsstands are distributers of infor... ...e historic monuments since they have been through most of the history of New York. Getting rid of such symbolic element of the city tarnishes the citys image. Not only would take away a symbo lic image of New Yorks landscape but also represents New Yorks movement towards a drab and uninspired city. Works CitedBerliner, David C. Knowledge Is Power. Equity & Excellence in Education 24.02 (1988). Print.Knowledge. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com. Web. 03 May 2012. Moss, Jeremiah. Newsstands. Jeremiahs Vanishing New York. 26 Oct. 2011. Web. Pearce, Lynn M. mark 2711Newspapers Publishing, or Publishing and Printing. Encyclopedia of American Industries. 6th ed. Detroit, MI Thomson/Gale, 2005. Print. Pearce, Lynn M. SIC 5994 News Dealers and Newsstands. Encyclopedia of American Industries. 6th ed. Detroit, MI Thomson/Gale, 2005. Print.

Cool Quest Video and Reflection Essay

Psychology could influence consumer behavior in many ways. Based on the video, I learned that the thinker responds accordingly to what one perceives as cool. With that being said, Im pretty sure that there are studies that gear towards tis feature of the mind. And companies like orchard apple tree use these studies when inventing their newest products. For example, technology has evolved immensely in recent years. When Apple began inventing their latest IPhone, Im pretty sure that they thought about what would appeal to their consumers. And Im positive that psychology had a huge impact on their decisions.In my opinion, there a lot of other areas of society that could be squeeze by psychology. Such areas influenced are career choices, fashion, and social habits like drinking and smoking to name a few. All of these societal aspects described can be influenced by different areas of the mind. And we all know that in general todays societies seek to be accepted by all. I know for me the reputation versus nurture theory is a huge influence on different aspects of my life. I was raised by a single parent in a poverty stricken neighborhood. My mother didnt graduate high school. So education is big for me, which would lead to a better career choice. What is fashionably unimpeachable or not can be related to the video because everyone has a different perception of what is cool or not.

Code Division Multiple Access Communication Systems

Chapter 2- Communication SystemTelecommunication remainss have now do it possible to adios on with virtually anyone at any call on. Early telegraph and telephone outline wee determination ofd Cu wire to transport suggest all over the earth surface and across oceans and risque frequence ( HF ) wireless, besides normally called shortwave wireless, made possible inter-continental telephone links.Every communicating transcription has its own(prenominal) frequence backcloth, system, capacity, application execution hail.On the footing of infection system there are 2 types of communicating system Wired communicating system Wireless communicating system2.2 septuple door TechniqueA limited sum of bandwidth is allocated for radio services. A radio system is call for to comprise as many drug users as possible by efficaciously sharing the limited bandwidth. Therefore, in communicating, the term quaternary submission dirty dog non be outlined as a agency of leting devil -fold users to at the same time portion the finite bandwidth with least possible debasement in the public creation of the system.There are four multiple entree methods a ) Frequency Division Multiple Access ( FDMA )B ) Time Division Multiple Access ( TDMA )degree Celsius ) Code Division Multiple Access ( CDMA )vitamin D ) Space Division Multiple Access ( SDMA )Frequency Division Multiple Accesses ( FDMA )FDMA is one of the oldest multiple entree techniques for cellular systems when uninterrupted transmitting is required for parallel services. In this bandwidth is divided into a figure of business lines and distributed among users with a finite part of bandwidth for lasting usage, as illustrated in figure 2.2. The channels are assigned merely when there is a demand of the users. Therefore when a channel is non in usage it consequences in a otiose resource.Fig 2.2Channel Use by FDMAFDMA channels have narrow bandwidth of about 30 KHz, and therefore they are normally implemented in n arrow couch system. Since the user has his part of bandwidth all the clip, FDMA does non necessitate clocking take for, which makes it simple. Even though no two users use the same frequence set at the same clip, guard sets are introduced between sets to minimise channel preventative. Guard sets are fresh frequence slots which separates liveing channels. This leads to a wastage of bandwidth. In a non-continuous transmittal bandwidth goes wasted since it is non being utilized for a part of the clip.Time Division Multiple Access ( TDMA )In digital systems, uninterrupted transmittal is non required as the users do non use the allotted bandwidth all the clip. In such systems, TDMA is a O.K.ing technique compared to FDMA. Global Systems for Mobile communications i.e GSM uses the TDMA technique. In TDMA, bandwidth is avail satisfactory to the user but merely for a finite period of clip. In most instances the bandwidth is divided into fewer channels compared to FDMA and the users are a llotted clip slots during which they have the full channel bandwidth at their disposal. This is illustrated in figure 2.3.Fig 2.3Channel Uses by TDMATDMA requires careful clip synchronism since users portion the bandwidth in the frequence sphere. As the figure of channels are less, channel intervention is about negligible, hence the guard clip between the channels is significantly smaller. Guard clip is spacing clip between the TDMA. In cellular communications, whenever a user moves from one cell to opposite there is a opportunity that user could see a call loss if there are no free clip slots. TDMA uses different clip slots for transmittal any bit good as response.Code Division Multiple AccessIn CDMA, all the users occupy the same bandwidth, though they are all assigned separate codifications, which distinguishes them from each other as shown in figure 2.4. CDMA systems utilize a broadcast spectrum technique in which a spreading foretoken, is uncorre latterlyd to the betoken and has a larger bandwidth, is utilise to distribute the narrow set signal. devise Sequence bed cover Spectrum i.e DS-SS is most normally use for codification division multiple surplus. In Direct sequence spread spectrum, the heart signal is reckon by a Pseudo Random dissonance Code, which has a noise like belongingss. Each user has its ain codification which is extraneous to the codification of every other users. In order to feel the user, the receiving system is required to cognize the codeword used by the sender. contrasting TDMA, CDMA does non necessitate clip synchronism between the users.Fig 2.4Channel Uses by CDMA2.4 CDMA2.4.1 HistoryCode Division Multiple Access ( CDMA ) is a new construct in wireless communications. It has achieved widespread credence by cellular system operators, that will dramatically increase twain their system capacity and the service quality. CDMA is a signifier of spread-spectrum, that have been used in military applications for old ages. The ru le of spread spectrum is the usage of noise-like moving ridges and, as the name connote bandwidths ofttimes larger than that required for simple arrest to indicate communicating at the same selective information rate. foremost there were two motive To defy enemy attempts to throng the communications ( anti-jam, or AJ ) , or to conceal the fact that communicating was even taking topographic point, from clip to clip called pathetic chance of intercept. It has a history that goes back to the early yearss of World War second. The usage of CDMA for nomadic wireless applications is new. It was planned theoretically in the late fourtys. profitable applications became promising because of two evolutionary developments. One was the handiness of really low cost, high denseness digital ICs, which cut down the size and cost of the endorser Stationss to an adequately low value.Introduction to CDMACDMA is a multiple entree technique that allows multiple users to convey independent information within the same bandwidth at the same time. Each user is assigned a pseudo-random codification that is either extraneous to the codifications of all the other users or the codification possesses appropriate cross-correlation belongingss that minimize the multiple entree intervention ( MAI ) . This codification is superimposed on an information signal therefore, doing the signal emerges to be noise like to other users. Merely the intended receiving system has a re wareion of the same codification and uses it to pull out the information signal. This so allows the sharing of the same spectrum by multiple users without doing inordinate MAI. It besides ensures message privateness, since merely the intended user is able to decode the signal. This codification is besides known as a spreading codification, since it spreads the bandwidth of the original informations signal into a much higher bandwidth before transmittal.2.4.2 CDMA Classification TreeFig 2.6Classification Tree of the assorte d types of CDMA TechniquesAdvantages of CDMAOne of the chief advantages of CDMA is that call dropouts occur merely when the phone is at least twice every bit far from the base station. It is used in the pastoral countries where GSM make non acquire to work decently. Another advantage is capacity agency it has a really high spectral capacity so that it can suit more users.Disadvantages of CDMAOne major personal line of credit in CDMA engineering is channel pollution, where signals from excessively different cell sites are present in the subscribers phone but none of them is foremost. When this state of affairs arises the characteristic of the auditory sensation signal degrades. Another disadvantage is when compared to GSM it lacks international roaming capablenesss.2.5 interpenetrate SpectrumSpread spectrum are the methods in which null generated at a individual frequence is spread over a broad set of frequences. The basic spread spectrum technique is shown in Figure 2.7. This i s through to accomplish transmittal that is robust against the channel damages, and to be able to defy natural interventions or thronging besides to forestall hostile sensing. These techniques were developed by military counsel systems. The technique is said to be spread spectrum if transmittal bandwidth is much greater than minimal bandwidth needed to convey the information.The system achieves spread spectrum if it fulfills the undermentioned demandsSignal occupies bandwidth much larger of the minimal bandwidth necessary to direct information.Spreading is done with the aid of distributing codification signal which is independent of the informations.At the receiving system, de-spreading is done by the correlativity of the received dispersed signal with a synchronised reproduction of the distributing signal used to distribute the information.Spread signal bandwidthUn sought after signalinformations signalrecovered informationsSpreading code signal Spreading codification signalFig 2.7 Model of Basic Spread Spectrum TechniqueThe chief parametric quantity in dispersed spectrum systems is the treating summation Is the ratio of transmittal and information bandwidthGp =, which is fundamentally the spreading factor.The processing addition calculates the figure of users that can be allowed, the sum of multi-path effects and the trouble to throng a signal.Spread spectrum can be classified as follows a ) Direct Sequence Spread SpectrumB ) Frequency Hoping Spread Spectrumdegree Celsius ) Time Hopping Spread Spectrum2.5.1 DS-CDMADirect Sequence is the best Dispersed Spectrum Technique. The DS-CDMA method furnishs a multiple of benefits in cellular systems including easiness in planing frequence channels and protection against intervention, such that a high procedure addition is used. In DS-CDMA each user has its ain spreading codification. The choice of good codification is of import because auto-correlation belongingss and length of the codification restricts system capa city. The codification can be divided into two categories-Orthogonal codifications ( Walsh codifications )Non-orthogonal codifications ( PN, Gold, Kasami codifications )The informations signal is multiplied by a Pseudo Random Noise Code. A PN codification is a sequence of french friess its scope is -1 and 1 ( polar ) or 0 and 1 ( non-polar ) . This consequences in low cross-correlation values among the codifications and the trouble to throng or observe a information message.A usual manner to make a PN codification is by agencies of at least one displacement registry. The bit rate decides the rate at which distributing signals are transmitted. At the receiver terminal, spread signals are decoded with the aid of correlativity maps. Cross correlativity de-spreads the standard signals and retrieves the familial signal similar to the users original signal. The distributing sequences can orthogonal agencies 0 transverse correlativity or random sequences with low cross-correlation belongin gss.Y ( T )m ( T )C ( T ) Cos ( wt )Fig 2.8Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Modulation SystemIn the DS-CDMA technique, each mites of the users informations are multiplied with a codification in the transmitting terminal. The codification sequence used in conveying terminal performs the function of distributing codification.The baseband theoretical account of a DS-CDMA system is shown in fig 2.8. Let m ( T ) denotes a binary information sequence, degree Celsius ( T ) denotes a codification sequence. The wave forms m ( T ) and c ( T ) denote polar representations in footings of two degrees as 1. By multiplying the information flaws by the codification, each information spot is divided into a little clip increases that are called french friess.The baseband signal( T ) is filtered to restrict energy within the bandwidth, defined by the codification rate. The bearer transition normally used in dispersed spectrum is phase displacement identifying. Sing the figure we abbreviate( T ) = m ( T ) C ( T ) ( 3.2 )The baseband signal( T ) is convoluted with the impulse response of the spectrum determining filter to give Y ( T ) Y ( T ) =( T ) ? H ( T ) , where * denotes convolutionThe set base on balls signal( T ) = ( T ) ? H ( T ) cosT ) .. ( 3.4 )m ( T )Cos ( wt ) ClockC ( T )Fig 2.9Matched Filter Spread-Spectrum Receiver.The standard Band base on balls signal( T ) is converted to an tantamount complex low base on balls signal A ( T ) by blending with a locally generated luculent bearer.The complex low base on balls signal A ( T ) =( T ) cost.. ( 3.5 )The de-spread signal B ( T ) = A ( T ) C ( T ) ? H ( T ) ( 3.6 )The end product of the matched filter D ( T ) =( 3.7 ) .The receiving system decodes the informations D ( T ) & A gt 0 decode binary 1 otherwise decode binary 0.-11 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1users spot dispersed signal Despread signal Received spotdistributing sequence distributing sequenceFig 2.10User Signal in DS-CDMA SystemLet us bel ieve the first spots of four users. By multiplying each spot with a PN codification, users spots are represented by seven french friess as shown above.User 1 1 1 C1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 1 = & A gt -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 1User 2 1 -1 C2 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1= & A gt -1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1User 3 1 1 C3 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 = & A gt -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1User 4 1 -1 C4 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1= & A gt -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1R 1 -4 2 0 0 2 -2 2 ( received informations )The received information consists of information of four users. To retrieve the original spots of users from the received informations, the received informations should multiplied with the codification sequence in the receiving system that is precisely same with that is used for distributing the original informations in sender agencies ( de-spreading ) . We assume that the receiving system operates in perfect synchronicity with the sender. As a last measure, determination is made by comparing the consequences with a threshold value as shown below .R 1 * C1= 4-2+2+2+2= 8 & A gt 0 = & A gt 1R 1 * C2= -4-2+2-2-2= -8 & A lt 0 = & A gt -1R 1 * C3= 4+2+2-2+2= 8 & A gt 0 = & A gt 1R 1 * C4= -4-2-2-2+2= -8 & A lt 0 = & A gt -1Advantages of DS-CDMAIt has an intervention rejection belongings every user is identified with a specific codification sequence which is about extraneous to the other users codifications.The DS-CDMA besides excludes the demand of channel spliting therefore all users use the full channel bandwidth.Furthermore, it is stiff to multipath attenuation. Signals in DS-CDMA systems are indistinguishable strength full a broad bandwidth which can pull strings the multipath attenuation to neuter the end product.Properties of DS-CDMA.Multiple Access If multiple users use the channel at the same clip, there will be multiple signals overlapping in clip and frequence. At the receiver terminal coherent demodulation is used to take the codification transition. This method concentrates the government a gency of the desired user in the information bandwidth. If the cross-correlations between the codification of the desired user and the codifications of the interfering users are little, consistent sensing will merely set a little portion of the power of the interfering signals into the information bandwidth.Narrowband Interference- The coherent sensing at the receiving system involves a generation of the standard signal with a locally generated codification sequence. However, as we see at the sender, multiplying a narrowband signal with a wideband codification sequence spreads the spectrum of the narrowband signal so that its power in the information bandwidth decreases by a factor which is equal to the processing addition.2.6 chore DescriptionMain crease with DS-SS is the so called Near Far consequence. This is described by an illustration. In figure 2.12 this consequence is present when an interfering sender TX ( B ) is closer to the receiving system RX ( A ) than the intended T X ( A ) and, the correlativity between the standard signal from the interfering sender TX ( B ) and RX ( A ) can be higher than the correlativity between the standard signal from the intended sender TX ( A ) and RX ( A ) . The consequence is that proper informations sensing is non possible. transmitter Tx ( B )Transmitter Tx ( A )Fig 2.12Near Far EffectAnother job is hidden and exposed terminus in wireless Ad-hoc web.Hidden terminusjob refers- The hit of package at the having lymph gland imputable to the coincident transmittal of those nodes that are non within the direct transmittal scope of the transmitter.Exposed terminusjob refers- The inability of a node which is blocked due to nearby transmission node, to convey another node.For Example if both node S1 and S2 transmit to node R1 at same clip their packages collide at node R1.This happens because both nodes S1 and S2 are hidden from each other as they are non within the direct transmittal scope of each other.This is called conc ealed terminus job. On the other manus if a transmittal from node S1 to another node R1 is already in advancement, node S3 can non convey to node R2, as it concludes that its neighbour node S1 is in conveying node and hence it should non interface with the on-going transmittal. This job reduces the throughput of web when traffic burden is high.Transmission scope of node S1 Transmission scope of node S2Fig 2.13Hidden and Exposed Terminal Problems2.7 Proposed WorkThe Basic motivation of our undertaking was to analyze and develop an Efficient Mac based DS-CDMA protocol for work outing near far job. A CDMA communicating system requires an efficient design and testing of its subsystems of PN-sequence generator, spectrum spreading and de-spreading digital circuits and digital modulator and detector faculties which give high throughput.Another issue is near far consequence.2.7.1 Reason for proposed protocolThe Near far consequence is created in the uplink of DS-SS CDMA. When a combination of unfastened and closed-loop power control which ensures that each terminus generates the same signal power at the base station. The base station monitors the power of standard signal from each terminus and instructs remote terminuss to increase their signal powers and nearby terminuss to diminish theirs illustration below shows the power control entirely is non plenty to cut down the nearfar job in DS SS CDMA ad-hoc Network. Example Letdenote the distance between nodes Ks and n. suppose A wants to pass on with B utilizing a given codification and C wants to pass on with D utilizing a different codification. Suppose that tap ? dCD, dCB & A lt & A lt tap, and dad & A lt & A lt dCD. Then, the MAI caused by C makes it impossible for B to have A transmittal. Similarly, the Multiple entree intervention caused by A makes it impossible for D to have C transmittal. It is of import to observe that the two transmittals can non take topographic point at the same time, irrespective o f what transmittal powers are selected if an addition in power is made to battle the MAI at B, this increase power will destruct the response at D.Fig 2.14Example shows the Power Control entirely is non plenty to cut down the NearFar job in DS-SS CDMA Ad-hoc NetworkThe above Fig. unveils two types of jobs .1.Medium entree job The usage of two different distributing codifications to happen at the same clip is non possible for two transmittals, this job is referred to as specialty entree job.2. Power control job If the terminuss adjust their signal powers so two transmittals can take topographic point at the same clip so that the intervention caused by one transmittal is non large(p) plenty to pulverize package response at other terminuss. This is referred as power control job.So the cardinal solution to the close far job must hold both elements power control and medium entree.2.7.2 DESIGN GOAL FOR PROTOCOLThe Following are the specifications while planing a MAC protocol for Ad-h oc webThe operation of the protocol should be widen and provide quality of service for existent clip traffic.The protocol must be a non-synchronous, spread operation, every bit good as scalable for grown webs. It must besides affect minimum exchange of information and must be suited for real-time execution.The protocol must be scalable to big web. in this protocol should be minimise the consequence of hidden and exposed terminus job.The protocol should hold agencies for adaptative informations rate control and it should hold power control mechanisms in order to expeditiously pull off the energy ingestion of node.The receiving system circuitry should non be complex in the sense that it should non be required to supervise the whole codification set.So we design the DS-SS CDMA system with MAC protocol utilizing VHDL.VHDL Implementation of DS-SS CDMA based Mac protocol for Ad-hoc Networks1

The Sexual Content in Angela Carter?S the Bloody Chamber

The Sexual Content in Angela Carter? s The crashing(a) sleeping room The Bloody bedroom and Other Stories, is a selection of fairytales which hit been re-written by Angela Carter to place them in the modern day. Carter has taken seven fairytales whose latent case she says were violently knowledgeable, (qtd by Robin Sheets, Pornography Fairy Tales and Feminism 642). The stories include a variation of classics fairytales such as Bluebeard, Beauty and the Beast and Little Red equitation Hood with sometimes more than one version of the same original tale, for example Wolf-Alice and The Company of Wolves.In re-writing these fairy tales Carter has given the t block offer versions a specifically intimate content and focuses on the womanly protagonist, which as a result, has become the issue of much debate and criticism. In particular, the sometimes explicit informal content of the stories has raised questions among some feminist writers regarding Carter? s stance on the issue of th e role of wo manpower and pornography. Focusing mainly on the main baloney of the collection, The Bloody sleeping accommodation, this essay ordain aim to highlight Carter? s intentions for the sexual content of her stories.In doing so, whilst com custodyting from some critical essays regarding Carter? s stance on pornography, this essay will also address Lovely Linda, a check of Inside Linda Lovelace, by Linda Lovelace a porn actress, which was written by Angela Carter. In her essay, Robin Sheets compares The Bloody Chamber to another of Carter? s books The Sadiean Woman and the Ideology of Pornography. Sheets takes one of ten goldbrick stories in the collection and using only this story tries to define Carter as each one of Sade? new Juliettes or a new Justine, (qtd. by Sheets pp636-637). These titles, which make reference to characters from works by the Marquis de Sade, were created by Robin Morgan in her criticism of feminist activists who opposed or supported the antipornog raphy movement, those who support pornography being the new Juliettes as they align themselves with sex ground on domination, where the new Justines are said to always portray themselves of the victims of male brutality. Antipornography activists described pornography as a cause of women? oppression, (Sheets 637), and Sheets focuses on this in The Bloody Chamber as a means to decide which flag Carter is flying. Like all fairy tales the original story of Bluebeard contained a moral. Sheets comments that although over time in that location have been variations made to the story in order to change the moral the one that has prevailed has been that which advises women against curiosity, (Sheets 643). Whilst comparing the Marquis of the story to the Marquis de Sade, Sheets links the sadistic acts of the Marquis in The Bloody Chamber to that of de Sade.When one takes into consideration Carter? s review of Linda Lovelace? s book, Inside Linda Lovelace, when addressing the sexual content of The Bloody Chamber, it is easy to understand Carter? s opinion of pornography and as result her reasons for using it in her stories. At the start of the review Carter describes Lovelace? s fame as a result of the demands of a gild that uses libidinal gratification as a soporific in a time of potential social disruption. From the outset of this review Carter? negativity towards our skirt of Hard-Core Porn, is evident, so what is different about Linda Lovelace and the content of her own works that attracts so much argument regarding its pornographic nature? In her review she goes on to remark that libidinal gratification is now unlimited but that this has changed as a result of society changing as in short that although we are sexually free now it is only because society says so, which means that if we have to wait for society? s permission we still are not free, (Angela Carter, Shaking a Leg 54). This oppression of women is one of the most commonly debated aspects of pornography .The debate develops into deciding what pornography is and what is erotica, the difference being (if one uses Gloria Steinem? s commentary as example), that erotica is mutually pleasurable, sexual expression between people who have enough power to be there by positive survival, (qtd. by Sheets 637). Although Linda Lovelace claims sexual freedom and wants to be equal in bed, Carter makes sure to point out that the sexual acts that Lovelace boasts about being able to do with her gumshield and her vagina she has learned from a man, Chuck, (Carter, Shaking a Leg 54).In turn when one compares this oppression to The Bloody Chamber one can see that and so there are some obvious examples of masochism, one of which being when the narrator describes having sex as being impaled, (Angela Carter, Burning Your Boats, 121) by her husband. Indeed the whole story up until the point where she goes to the forbidden room is one of subjugation. When one takes into consideration the remarks that Car ter makes in her article of Lovelace about society, it can be argued that the initial argument regarding the intentions of the sexual content inCarter? s works also stem from the boundaries which society sets. Where some only see the oppression of the protagonist, others look beyond this to see an alternative to the protagonists actions. As Merja Makinen points out in Angela Carter? s The Bloody Chamber and the decolonisation of the Feminine Sexuality, there is an alternative argument to that of the narrator of The Bloody Chamber. Here, Makinen argues that to an extent the narrator does in fact consent to the sado-masochistic transaction, (Makinen 32). This can be seen in the narrator? brief descriptions of the thirst that is lurking deep down her, I was aghast to feel myself stirring, (Carter, Burning Your Boats 119). Therefore, it can be argued that rather than being subjected to this act, the presence of consent transforms this into an act of erotica. This could be an example of which Makinen describes as Carter re-writing the old tales by playing with the earlier misogynistic version, (Makinen 24). As mentioned earlier Sheets attempts to brand Carter as a new Juliette or new Justine, but in the end her argument is inconclusive and cannot decide on one particular side of the fence for the writer.In comparison, Carter refers to Lovelace as someone who has been sexually exploited by men, (Carter, Shaking a Leg 55). Carter makes it blatantly clear in this article that she is against pornography, not because of the acts that take place but because of the oppression of women. She describes Lovelace as someone who lives in a world dictated by men, she has learned her technique from men and although it is a world of sex, the sex itself has been reduced to what Carter calls a geometric intersection of separate, (Carter, Shaking a Leg 56).Carter compares what Lovelace is doing to that of what takes place in a Brothel. She comments that our society generally deni es the prostitute both appreciation and the opportunity to exercise particular sexual virtuosity, and ironically confirms that Lovelace is no prostitute, (Carter, Shaking a Leg 55). Carter portrays Lovelace as what this writer believes is what every anti-pornography activist has in brain when they are condemning pornography, she is a shaven prisoner in a cage whose bars are composed of cocks, (Carter, Shaking a Leg 56).From this review it is a wonder that there would be any debate as to whether or not the sexual content of Carter? s works support pornography, and it is clear that she uses sexual practice based on domination for other means, in her writing. The other stories in The Bloody Chamber approach a different aspect of female sexuality and desire and Makinen implies that it is necessary to read all the stories to understand the intentions of Carter. For example, the story of The Lady of the House of Love shows the inversion of the Bluebeard character.Who can mistake the goth ic tropes used to portray the female vampire as a male. The teeth of the vampire which would penetrate the virgin boy, but yet there is still an element of desire for the vampire and in order to obtain that she must pay a price. Makinen argues that rather than being against or for pornography, Carter aims to portray a wider incorporation of female sexuality, and use feminism to altercate sexist constructions, (Makinen 25). This, it could be argued, is why the book starts with an obvious description of female oppression.At the same time however, one also has to keep in mind the variations to the original Bluebeard story that Carter has included. The mother who saves the day, the second husband who is gentle and kind and also the protagonist being the narrator herself, are what Sheets describes as Carter writing against the informative tradition that emphasizes the wife? s sexual curiosity, (Sheets 644). As we have seen in the review of Lovelace? s book, Angela Carter sees pornograph y as the oppression of women by men and that she does not look too highly upon this factor.When one takes this into consideration whilst reading her books, it can be seen then that although she uses material which can be argued to be that of a pornographic nature, she does so not as a means to approve of the oppression of women. Rather she uses this material to critique phallocentrism and as a means to show up female sexuality and the representation of femininity, (Makinen p34). Bibliography Carter, Angela, The Bloody Chamber, Burning Your Boats, London Chatto & Windus, 1995.Carter, Angela, Lovely Linda, Shaking a Leg, London Chatto & Windus, 1997. Makinen, Merja, Angela Carter? s The Bloody Chamber and the Decolonisation of Feminine Sexuality, New Casebooks Angela Carter, Ed. Alison Easton, Basingstoke Macmillan, 2000, pp20-36. Sheets, Robin Ann, Pornography, Fairy Tales, and Feminism Angela Carters TheBloody Chamber, Journal of the History of Sexuality, Vol. 1, No. 4, (April,1997 ), pp 633- 657 08/04/2011

Online education vs traditional education Essay

For hundreds of years we have been teaching traditionalisticly to children with varying results, in the last two decades with the growing technology a youthful form of education has formed, online education. With graduate(prenominal) school being a pivotal age in teenagers life parents and educators have questioned is online education better for students over traditional methods. In the search to figure out which is better people have gathered evidence involving studies, polls, and research on the effect online education has on students.My outgrowth source used is written by Dan Lips, an article called How Online Learning Is Revolutionizing K-12 Education and Benefiting Students for the Heritage Foundation. The authors tone is formal and persuasive. In the article he uses evidence such as facts, studies, and polls to persuade the readers to see the greatness of virtual education. Dan Lips uses high profile people who wrote books on virtual learning to maturation credibility to his claim.The second source, Students frustrations with a Web- based distance education course by Noriko Hara and Rob Kling published in the online journal First Monday. This is an article based on the study the authors did on how students felt enrolled in an online class in college. While this is an article based on the feelings of college students this applies to the high school online education as they base high school online education on college online education so they are going to run into the same problems.The authors of this article were neutral to the study and were just report what was wrong with distance learning so as not to bias the results, and to get how the teacher and students feel about online learning. The authors use this article to caution students, teachers, and schools on some of the things wrong with online education and to not ignore the bad sides of online education because of mostly praise towards it.My last source is Online High Schools Test Students Soc ial Skills by Paul Glader investigates the impact of online education on teens socially. Glader found that students enrolled in online high school often drop out due to the fact of them feeling lonely. The online high schools are trying to find ways to make teens spend time together in the virtual classrooms. High school is a pivotal time in everyones life that can shape your future.

Did Henry VIII strengthen the role of the Monarch in government?

enthalpy eight-spot (born 1491 C. E. died 1547 C. E. ) ascended the rear in 1509 and soon became one of Englands most successful kings, largely credited with the brass of a strong and stable crowned heady that helped England become the strongest power in the world. hydrogen ogdoad succeeded his father, Henry VII, who had ascended the throne with the culmination of the long drawn out warfare of Roses where many princes, backed by powerful nobles and barons had fought for the throne. Henry octonary, driven by the desire to establish peace and security in his realm, worked towards establishing a strong monarchy.Henry 8s relation with the nobles and feudal barons Henry VIII subdued the powers of the nobles and barons and strengthened the role of the monarchy in the governance. (G. M. Trevelyan, 1926) Henry VIII established his policy of dealing with the nobles, barons, and chieftains straight off upon ascending the throne. He arrested his fathers two most unpopular minister of religions, Sir Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, charged them with high treason, and subsequently executed them. He dealt with almost all his opponents in a resembling fashion throughout his tenure, and with such measures strengthened the role of the monarchy in the government.Henry replaced feudal obligations with law and trade, and recruitd loans and grants on the nobility instead of taxes. (W Harrison, G Edelen, 1994) The powerful barons had throttle the power of Henry VIIIs predecessors Henry III, Edward II, and Richard II using aristocratic councils. Henry VIII strove to keep the barons in check by reforming the administration. He created the mission of the Privy Council, an advisory board, and the Court of the Star Chamber for civil and criminal cases. Committee of the Privy Council and Court of Star ChambersHenry VIII actively complicated himself in the Committee of the Privy Council and the Court of Star Chambers constituted by him, and through these means involved hi mself actively in the administration of the state. (John Bowle, 1964. ) The Committee of the Privy Council that in later centuries became the famous Privy Council enabled Henry VIII to enact laws by mere proclamation, on the advice of the council. Thomas Cromwell, Henrys minister between 17532 and 1540 monopolized the state of the council and took decisions privately in consultation with Henry VIII.Henry used the Committee of Privy Council and bypassed the parliament to enact laws. The Court of Star Chambers was a separate tribunal distinct from the Kings general Council, indented to infuse speed and flexibility to the civil and criminal judicial process. This court supplemented the activities of the common-law and equity courts, acting as a supervisory body. This court too ensured fair enforcement of laws against prominent and powerful people whom the ordinary courts could never convict owing to their influence.The court could also impose punishments for morally reprehensible acti ons such as conspiracy, libel, perjury, and sedition even though such acts were technically legal and ordinary courts could not convict people for such offences. Henry used this court to settle scores with his adversaries and overreach powerful barons and nobles. Henry and his ministers encouraged plaintiffs to bring their cases directly to the Star Chamber, bypassing the lower courts entirely. (F. J. Fischer, 2006. ) Henry VIIIs break with the PopeHenrys break with the Pope at Rome was an indirect result of his effort to create a strong centralized state. (Patrick Fraser Tyler, 1836) The salary increase of the Henry VIIIs father Henry VII ended the long drawn out War of Roses, where many warring princes staked claim to the throne since the incumbent king bequeathed no male issues. Henry wanted a male issue to avoid such a situation after his death. Henrys wife Catherine did not produce the desired male heir, and Henry became enamored to one Anne Boleyn.Henry appealed to the Pope for the annulment of his marriage with Catherine so that he could get hitched with Anne. Catherine was however the aunt of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, who held the Pope Clement VII as prisoner during this time. The Pope did not annual the marriage. Henry VIII. Henry VIII replaced Cardinal Woolsey, the Popes representative in England with Sir Thomas Moore, who proclaimed the opinion of the theologians at Oxford and Cambridge that the marriage of Henry to Catherine had been unlawful. Henry banished Catherine from the court and gave her place to Anne.Henry also appointed his nominee Thomas Crammer as the Archbishop of Canterbury. Thomas Cromwell, a lawyer who supported Anne, brought before Parliament a number of bills including the Supplication against the Ordinaries and the Submission of the Clergy. The agent required the clergy to put all complaints in writing to the king. The latter made the Church of England relinquish power to formulate church laws without the kings man ifest and assent. The parliament passed these acts in 1532 C. E and thereby established the achievement of the monarchy over the church in England.The domination of the monarchy over the church marks a rear end in the powers of the king, for in medieval life the church controlled more than of social life and polity, and this now passed on to the king. The process of breaking off with the Pope at Rome continued throughout Henrys reign. In 1540, Henry sanctioned the destruction of shrines to saints. In 1542 Henry dissolved all of Englands monasteries and transferred their property to the Crown. Abbots and priors unconnected their seats in the House of headmasters and only archbishops and bishops came to comprise the ecclesiastical element of the body.The Lords Temporal now outnumbered the Lords Spiritual or the members of the clergy in the House of Lords. Legislations confirming supremacy of the King Henrys parliament followed up the supremacy over the church with further legisl ations that strengthened the role of the monarchy in the administration of he state. (J. R. Tanner, 1930) The toy of Succession of 1533 repudiated any foreign authority, prince, or potentate thereby rejecting the decisions of the Pope and validating the marriage of Henry and Anne.All adults in the Kingdom were required to fuck these provide by oath, and those who refused were subject to imprisonment for life. Any publisher or printer of any literature alleging that Henrys marriage with Anne was invalid was automatically red-handed of high treason punishable by death. The House of Commons forbade all appeals to Rome and exacted penalties of praemunire against all who introduced papal bulls into England. The Ecclesiastical Appointments Act 1534 required the clergy to elect bishops nominative by the Sovereign.The Act of Supremacy or the Peters Pence Act of 1534 declared the King as the the only Supreme Head in hide of the Church of England, and declared that Henrys regal crown ha d been diminished by the unreasonable and uncharitable usurpations and exactions of the Pope. The Treasons Act 1534 made it high treason, punishable by death, to refuse to acknowledge the King as the supreme head in earth of the Church of England. Suppression of opponents Henrys religious policies found some opposition in England, and such rebels found ready backing from the feudal barons who grudged Henry for curtailing their powers.Henry charged with treason and executed the dissenters, the prominent ones being John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More, Henrys former Lord Chancellor. A major resistance was the Pilgrimage of Grace, a large uprising in northern England that broke out in October 1536. Henry, instead of relying on his nobles and barons to crush the rebels, as his predecessors did own(prenominal)ly took the field, and by a combination of force and tact, trapped the rebel leader Robert Aske, arrested the rebels and executed them for treason.The suppression of the opponents of Henrys religious policy, combine with Henrys method of silencing his another(prenominal) enemies ensued that he could rule virtually unopposed and led to a strong monarchy in England.. Development of the navy Henry VIIIs efforts at developing the Royal Navy freed the monarchy from dependence on feudal vassals, and besides raised his prestige and power and further strengthened the role of the monarchy in the administration. (D. M. Loades, 1992)Henry established the Royal Navy in order to ward off dangers of a Papal inspired invasion from the seas from France or Spain. He invested in shipbuilding, dockyards, and nautical innovations such as the use of canons. He also strengthened the costal defenses and built fortresses at costal areas using the materials of demolished monasteries. This reduced the kings dependence on private ships to ward off external dangers and thereby further strengthened the monarchy at the expense of hitherto powerful merchants, barons, and clergy.Henrys ships compete a big role in England crushing the Spanish Armada during Henrys daughter Queen Elizabeths reign, an event that led to incline supremacy of the worlds seas. External conquests Henrys desire to strengthen the monarchy and create a strong and centralized state resulted in his developing imperial ambitions within the British Isles. He annexed Wales to England and strengthened his hold over Ireland. Henry claimed feudal superiority over Scotland as a function of his imperial title to the English Crown, and defeated Scotland in the battle of Solway Moss in November 1541 C.E. Henry forced the Treaty of Greenwich upon Scotland and projected a union of the Scottish and English crowns by marrying the Scottish prince Edward and his daughter Mary Stuart. Scotland however remained a French ally, and Henry struck a deal with Charles V of Spain to attack France in 1544. He accompanied the army to Calais and took personal command of his strategy. The Treaty of Camp o f June 1546 that ended the war saw England retain Boulogne until 1554, when the French would buy it back for 600,000.Though the war per se was costly and inefficacious, it did add to Henrys value and bolstered his reputation as an absolute monarch. Analysis Henry VIIIs efforts to strengthen the monarchy resulted in England developing into a strong and stable state, free from the enervating and distracting influence of feudal barons, powerful nobles and clergy. His strong intervention in the running of the state not only ensured a smooth break from Rome and gave England a national identity, but also avoided religious wars and other distracting civil war.He conditioned the nobility to serve the Crown and subordinated the clergy to the secular State. He laid the foundation for a modern and centralized state, and even the distant parts of his kingdom began to experience the power of the monarchy. The remarkable feature of his reign is that even though he created a strong central state with the active intervention of the monarch, he enhanced the power of the parliament, by making common law superior to all other types of law and bringing people hitherto excluded from the legal process into its fold.The biggest beneficiary of this stability was trade, which prospered and added to the wealth of the nation. Henry established a progressive system of revenue enhancement that greatly enhanced state finances. A school of though led by scholars like A. F. Pollard regard Henry VIII as a weak man who took decisions based on the influence of ministers like Thomas Cromwell, and that his dominance remained confined to his wives, ministers and political institutions.This opinion however does not carry much weight, and historical accounts articulate Henry VIII as king with a charismatic presence and as a dynamic political force whose views his ministers and the government accommodated rather than the other way round. Henry also exerted a powerful influence as supreme head of t he Church of England, not merely by issuing decrees at will, but by engaging Cranmer and panels of expert theologians in a systematic and academic exchange of opinions. The only criticism that holds against Henry VIII is that he was s a supreme egotist who sometimes allowed passion and not reason to govern his actions.This criticism however does not make him ineffective or discount the fact that he was one of the most effective and remarkable rulers to sit on the English throne, and greatly strengthened the role of the monarch in the government. Conclusion Henry VIII raised the power of the monarchy and thereby not only transformed a weak medieval government into a more contemporary and strong one, but also gave England the much needed peace, stability and smooth succession of future monarchs, all of which enabled her to become a powerfulness by the time of Queen Elizabeth.

Islam Essay

Field Study Research K ben Edmonds-Leach Professor Jonathan Pedrone REL212 World Religions-Summer September 4, 2011 Islam Field Study Research After interviewing a member of the Islamic faith, I came to the realization that there are very many misconceptions nearly the religion of Islam and that these misconceptions are very hurtful, disrespectful, and inhumane. In this paper, I will first address several misconceptions that I had ab divulge the Islamic faith. I will then analyze how my preliminary understanding most the religion was altered through interviewing a member of the Islamic faith.Next, I will discuss my beliefs on misconceptions close to other sights religion being greenness or non. Lastly, I will recommend steps that lowlife be taken to minimize misconceptions race throw away more or less religions that are non their own. I had many misconceptions closely Islam before speaking with a member of the religion. The first was that Islam oppresses women. When I thought about women in Islam, I thought of the image of a woman wearying a veil, and other heavy, dark clothing, where no skin would be visible, even in the hot summer months. I thought about how women were oblige to stupefy home, and were non every(prenominal)owed to drive vehicles.I also believed that the Muslims God, Allah, was not the same as the God in Christianity, and was a false god. I believed that Muslims revere Muhammad, and that Muhammad and Allah were the same thing. I did not think that Muslims believed in Jesus Christ. I also thought that Muslim men all married multiple wives. I thought that polygamy was something that was widely practiced in Islam, and was somewhat of a requirement. For those men who married one wife, I believed that they were merely Americanized. Another misconception I had was that all Muslims were Arabs.not only did I think they were all Arabs, plain I thought that being a Muslim and an Arab was the same thing. Lastly, just as the cross is something like a symbol of Christianity, I believed that the crescent and the star was the symbol of Islam. I had all of these misconceptions about Islam, as many other people who practice religions international of Islam do, but speaking with a Muslim quickly changed my mind about these harsh misconceptions. Each one of my misconceptions about Islam count toward my overall understanding of the religion. My prior understanding was comp allowely altered through my encounter with the Muslim woman I interviewed.I believed it would be a great idea to talk to a woman about how women are suppressed in Islam. I interviewed a friend of mine, named Kiran Masood. She was born and raised in the Islam religion, and continues to practice it today. She informed me that this is not ineluctably the geek. She stated that some Muslim countries do have laws that oppress women, but this practice does not come from Islam itself. Masood stated, countries that have laws against women created these la ws themselves. They may say that their basis is from the Quran, but the Quran does not suggest any oppression women (Masood).Though this is true, there are some social constructions in Islam, where women and men are given antithetic roles and equity. This is something that all religions accept, and is not a surprise to me in Islam. In addition, another common misconception is that a woman can be forced to marry against her will, and this is not the case at all. Masood informed me that no one can force a Muslim girl to marry someone she does not wishing to marry her parents may suggest she marry a suitable man, but by no means is this girl forced to marry someone that she may not want to marry (Masood).I was also informed that divorce is not common, and it is used as a last resort. Masood also quickly refuted my second misconception, that Allah is a antithetical God. Allah is not a different God Allah is simply the Arabic word for God (Masood) which is something that I was not aw are of. Allah is the same God worshipped by Muslims, Jews, and Christians. The one difference in Islam and Christianity is that Muslims believe the God is the one and only. The religion does not accept Jesus as Gods son, and believes that He has no human-like attributions.In Christianity, Jesus is accepted as Gods son and was basically God in flesh when He was on earth. Also, Muslims do not worship Muhammad, as I was lead to believe. Muhammad was chosen to deliver messages, but is not the effectuateer of Islam, and Muslims do not worship him, though they do revere him and respect him, as they do Jesus, Moses, Adam, and Noah (the other prophets of the Word). My third misconception, that all Muslim men marry multiple women, also came to be false. Masood informed me that polygamy, marrying multiple spouses, is not encouraged in Islam, and is not mandatory.She stated, In the religion of Islam, marrying multiple women is permissible, but is not something that the religion requires (Mas ood). If a man decides to marry multiple women, these women cannot be forced into it, meaning if they do not want to marry a man with other wives, then she does not have to. My fourth misconception was that Muslims and Arabs are the same thing. Masood simply told me that the two are different, but I decided to do more research on the subject. There are about 1. 2 billion Muslims in the world. Muslims reside in a variety of places, including Nigeria, the Philippines, and of course, the United States.Muslims also represent many races, cultures, and nationalities. About 18% of Muslims live in the Arab world, primarily in Indonesia (Isseroff). This is farthermost from 100% of Muslims. Lastly, I believed that the crescent and star was the symbol of Islam, which is not the case. In the days of the Prophet Mohammed, Muslims did not have a symbol instead, they used solid-colored flags. The Turks in fact introduced the crescent as a symbol. It was adopted due to the Ottoman Empires conquest of Constantinople. In turn, all of my beliefs about Islam turned out to be false.In fact, some of them turned out to be the complete opposite. I believe that misconceptions about other peoples religion are extremely common. No matter what religion someone practices, they always have certain beliefs about other peoples religions. This is not to say that people disrespect other peoples religions, but they simply have their own beliefs towards them. Most times, we do not know anything about other peoples religions. We are so set in our own mindset that the religion we practice is the only correct religion that we fail to learn anything about other religions in the world.Because we lack knowledge of other religions, we use stereotypes and misconceptions to justify why we do not agree with the other religions practices. Even those who do not practice any religion, I believe they use stereotypes and misconceptions about all religions, because those people are so fixed in their own belief that no religion is true, and that they all are false. It is important for people of all religions to have an understanding of others religions, because sometimes, people have a lot more in common than they think they do.For example, I thought that my own religion, Christianity, was completely different from Islam, but in reality, the two religions share many similarities. I was surprised at the knowledge I learned from Kiran Masood, and it was a shock that Islam has a lot of parallels to Christianity. Every religion has certain misconceptions. In this paper, I analyzed the misconceptions of Islam, but Christianity and other religions have misconceptions as well. We always are so quick to judge others that are different from us, but instead we should be interested in learning upstart things about other religions.The purpose of this is not to persuade someone to convert to a different religion, but to just be enlightened and educated about the different religions that exist in our society. One step that could be taken to minimize misconceptions people have about religions not their own is for people to let their guards down and to be more accepting to peoples differences. Not everyone will have the same beliefs, but instead of stereotyping and discriminating against other religions, we can learn from each other. Just having knowledge of new things is prideful, and is an asset that we all should have.If we take the time to learn about other peoples beliefs, these misconceptions would not exist. We should educate ourselves, instead of jumping to conclusions. One way I like to think about this is that I do not like when people of different religions criticize and stereotype against my own religion, Christianity. I wish that people would not be so quick to speak negatively about Christianity, because most times, they do not know what they are truly talking about. They jump to conclusions, and did not take the time to learn the truth behind Christianity.Because I have much(prenominal) strong feelings about this, I should in turn not treat other religions this way, since I know how it feels. I should take the time to educate myself about different religions. Though it will not cause me to convert from Christianity, just having basic knowledge about other religions can help me make a better judgment on certain topics. No one can make judgments or participate in a debate if they have not done research on the subject. Interviewing my friend Kiran Masood gave me a lot of enlightenment. I learned so much about the religion of Islam that I did not previously know.Though we have known each other for a while, I never thought to learn more about the religion she practices. I found it to be a rewarding experience, and learning about different religions is something that I will continue to practice. It is important for us to understand that we all have differences, whether it is race, culture, heathenish background, economic status, or religion. Amo ngst all these differences are many similarities between us. Instead of always focusing on the differences that separate us, we should look at the similarities that bring us together. Our differences make us special, and our similarities give us things in common.Learning about peoples differences is important because it is what makes that person unique. Though we all have a variety of differences, one thing we have in common is we all are human beings with feelings and beliefs. We should all value our beliefs, and be open to learning about others beliefs as well. References Isseroff, A. (n. d. ). A Concise History of Islam and the Arabs. Middle East MidEastWeb. Retrieved September 1, 2011, from http//www. mideastweb. org/islamhistory. htm. Fisher, M. P. , & Adler, J. A. (2011). Living Religions (8th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, N. J. Pearson Prentice Hall.

New Issues during the Civil Rights Movements Essay

What new issues emerged for the civil rights fecal matter in the finish 1965-1970? How did discolour leading respond to those issues in varied shipway? During the period 1965-1970, new issues had emerged for the civil rights movement, such as the question of whether Martin Luther Kings philosophy of non-violent tactics were too moderate and limited, scantiness and voting rights. During 1965 to 1970, disgraceful leading responded to these issues in a number of ways. Responses to these issues included the unionizeing of Black Nationalist groups, voter registration campaigns and campaigns to get rid of poverty.An issue that emerged during 1965-1970 for the black civil rights movement was voting rights. Even though blacks had been given the right to vote since 1964, they often were frightened and intimidated by the whites if they went and voted. An example of this is with Fannie Ion Hamer. When Hamer came back from registering to vote, she was met by the owner of the orchard where she and her maintain had worked for 17 years and was told that she would either leave or withdraw her name from the voters roll. She left and that night 16 shots were fired at the house she and her husband were staying in.Blacks were forced to do literacy tests, which most failed, before they could become registered voters this was done to prevent the blacks from voting as they didnt have rattling good literacy skills. By 1965 very few blacks were however not enrolled for example in Selma and Alabama, where only 350 blacks were registered to vote. The voting had become a new issue because many black civil rights leaders realized the significance of blacks voting to get their own mess into positions of authority and create more progress for blacks in America.Another issue that emerged in the 1965-1970 for the black civil rights movement was the question whether Martin Luther Kings philosophy of non- abandon stance was too moderate and limited. Martin Luther Kings tactics fo r making America desegregated was each(prenominal) non-violence, for example sit-ins, marches, signs or protests, boycotts, freedom rides and wait-ins. At first these tactics worked. The freedom rides achieved to desegregate bus terminals, issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The sit-ins worked because the protesters annoyed the whites, but not enough for them to take violent action from the police.Bills and laws were being passed. In the 1963 Birmingham campaign led by Martin Luther King the sit-ins, boycotts and mass marches managed to desegregate Birmingham. But by 1966 Black office emerged and was an alternative philosophy to non-violent protest that civil rights activists could use. To some black leaders the methods Martin Luther King had always seemed too fair and his aim of benignant concessions from the white majority appeared too inadequate. This was an issue to many blacks, because even though the non-violent methods worked most of the time, blacks were still g etting beaten for it and or even killed.The Black Power became a very good alternative because it united black people to recognize their heritage, to build a sense of community. It was a c tout ensemble for black people to define their own goals, doing whatever is necessary to get what they need. The Black Power proved its point in the riots that emerged in Watts, Selma and Chicago, where blacks got what they wanted using means of violence. The riots showed that violence can be the answer too, the total opposite of Martin Luther Kings beliefs. Poverty was another issue the civil rights movement had to face in the period 1965-1970.Poverty of blacks occurred because of blacks being denied skilled jobs that paid well, this led the blacks to not having enough money for education, housing and food supplies, which led to theft among their own people. Blacks in ghettos believed there was no point in going to school if in the end they werent to get any good, well paid jobs. Blacks found th at there was no use in working if their jobs paid a little more than the Social Security payments for the unemployed. These beliefs created a cycle of poverty and that in order to convince and progress further than they already are they needed to break that poverty cycle.This proved to be a great challenge for conservative black groups and leaders but was one of the significant factors for the rise of nationalists groups. In response to the issue of voting rights, black leaders held many voter registration campaigns and demonstrations. An example was the Selma apparent movement in 1965, which became a significant campaign. Marches from Selma to Montgomery, which had been banned by the Federal Court, was led by Martin Luther King. On one march the marchers were met by State process and so King led them in prayer and marched them back to Selma.This cost the support of many Kings younger supporters, but the Selma Campaign was still a success. This led to the introduction of the Vote rs Rights Bill, which ensured that obstruction to voting would be prevented and many more blacks were now enrolling. In response to the questioning of Martin Luther Kings non-violent methods, black leaders started to form nationalists groups which had more violent policies. For example, in 1966 the Black Panthers were formed. They called for the arming of blacks, to have all blacks released from prison and for blacks to receive compensation for centuries of exploitation by whites.This group also employ a lot of violence, but younger blacks found this more appealing than Martin Luther Kings tactics, as they had more aggressive approaches and could relate to blacks who had grown up in the ghettos. Finally, in response to the issue of poverty, black leaders held campaigns for this problem too. During 1968, King organised the Poor Peoples Campaign. This was an attempt to bring together all of Americas poor not just blacks and was obviously not fought along racial lines.This would hav e been a great way to deal with the poverty of America because it would have brought together many different groups of people in order to achieve common goals. In conclusion during the civil rights movement in years 1965-1970, the new issues that emerged were voting rights, the question whether Martin Luther Kings tactics were too fair and limited and poverty. These issues were responded by the black leaders in different ways such as the forming of Black Nationalists groups, for example the Black Panthers, voter registration campaigns and campaigns to get rid of poverty.

Snowboarding History

As the excitement of fall winds down, many pile fall into a depression. The leaves are gone, the woods are desolate, and the chill of winter air has crept upon us. While around people find this sad, I find it exciting Why? Because it is time for my favorite athletic competition, snowboarding. Snowboardings a modern, challenging disport thats attracting new fans from all around the world. It has really changed since it was graduation invented. Its exit one of the largest and fastest growing sports in the world. Everywhere, people, including myself, are waiting for the snow to get a jeopardy to go snowboarding.Snowboarding is the cross between surfing and skateboarding. Snowboarding use to be known as a nippers story, but now has evolved into a great sport. Since it was first invented, it has changed from a childs sport to a new rivalrous sport that is great for both men and women. Some people power truism snowboarding as an alternative to skateboarding, skiing, and surfing . People who could not afford to buy surfboards, like Jake Burton, used snowboarding as an alternative. Skateboarders saw snowboarding as a new sport that they could make their mark on.Nobody knows who truly invented the first snowboard. But in 1929, M. J. Jack Burchett invented one of the first snowboards. He used clothesline and horse reins to secure a piece of plyboard to his feet. Thirty years later, Sherman Poppen, a chemical gases engineer invented The Snurfer as a toy for his daughter. He do the snurfer by bounding two skis together and composeting a rope at the nose, so that the rider could progress to it and keep it stable. Poppen licensed his idea to manufacturer when his daughters friends wanted a snurfer too.In 1966, the snurfer s gray all over a half million times. In 1979, Poppen left the snowboarding business after Jake Burton came up with the bindings and went back to his old profession. Jake Burton, another inventor of the snowboard, became interested in snowbo arding after taking part in Poppens snurfer competitions that were organized by Poppen. His parents wouldnt buy him a surfboard so riding the snurfer was a new and quiet thing to do. In 1977, after he finished college, Burton moved to Londonderry, Vermont to make different types of the Snurfer.He made his first board out of laminated hardwood. In 1979, while at a Snurfer competition, Burton shocked everyone by using his new board that had the first binding. It made a big difference that allowed him to control the board and made it easier to take to task the other riders. In 1969, Dimitrije Milovich, after he got the idea from sliding down a hill on a cafeteria plate in college, started making snowboards. His snowboards were based on surfboards combined with the way skis work. In 1972, he started a new company called Winterstick.He produced lots of snowboards and even got articles in magazines like, News Week, Playboy, and place. In 1980, he left the snowboarding business, but wa s still known as a very big pioneer of the sport. At the same time that Jake Burton was producing his snowboards Tom Sims produced his first snowboards in 1977. Sims was an avid skateboarder who made a snowboard in a junior high school shop class. He made his out of rug wood and aluminum. He glued some carpet to the coronate of a piece of wood and put an aluminum sheet on the bottom.He started making snowboards in 1977 in his garage with his friend and employee Chuck Barfoot. Barfoot genuinely made the boards and came up with the Flying Yellow Banana. It was a skateboard deck on top of a plastic shell with skegs. During 1980 Sims signed a skate-snowboarding deal with a big company called visual modality Sports. Signing the deal helped Sims get out of his financial problems, but his friend Barfoot, was left out and move to go into business for himself. He couldnt compete with big competitors like Sims and Burton.The first modern competitive snowboarding battle took place in Le adville, Colorado in 1981. Then snowboarding competition took off from there and became worldwide. In 1982, the first national snowboarding race was held in Suicide Six, outside of Woodstock, Vermont. Because of the conditions of the hill, the goal of the race appeared to be in general just surviving the race. The race was on a steep icy downhill run called The present. Paul Graves put it on and Tom Simms and Jake Burton competed. Doug Bouton won first place overall.This race attach the last time that snowboards and snurfers raced together. In 1983, Jake Burton puts on the national snowboarding championships in Snow Valley. A equal of months later Tom Sims holds the inaugural World Snowboarding Championships at Soda Springs Ski Bowl in Lake Tahoe. That contest featured the first contest with a half pipe. In 1986 the World Snowboarding Championships moved from Soda Springs to Colorado. In 1986, a new European snowboarding generation launched. Then the Europeans began to organize their own regional events like the Swiss Championships in St. Moritz. In 1987, a group of riders and manufacturers formed the N. A. S. B. A. (National Association of State Boards of Accountancy) whose main goal was to create a unified World Cup tour with the Europeans. In 1988 N. A. S. B. A. got its wish and the first world cupful was held in both Europe and the United States. It was the most expensive snowboarding contest ever. In 1994 everybody was happy because snowboarding was declared a Winter Olympic sport. It was finally accepted as a real competitive sport and was first seen in the 1998 Olympics in Nagano, Japan.

Importance of Organic Foods Essay

The definition of thorough agriculture is do hold out with the affair of synthetic chemicals. After World War II, larger and increasingly automated farms, known as factory farms, put the synthetic fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides developed in the 1920s into widespread use. They found that more(prenominal) crops could be produced mass produced. What they did not realize were the dangers of using these chemicals and the effects they would have on the environment and human health. The husbandry mustiness approve all products claiming to be organic and on that point be many strict guidelines farmers must follow.Farmers must abstain from the use of prohibited materials (pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, and sewage sludge) for three years prior to be certified organic and then continue these practices throughout their organic license. They must employ positive alter burning, conservation, manure management and crop rotation. They must provide outdoor access and pastures f or livestock and refrain from the use of antibiotics and hormones in their animals, while sustaining livestock on 100% organic feed.Farmers may not use genetically modified organisms or irradiation. Organic products are grown in healthier spot and declare higher(prenominal) levels of nutrients and non-organics. Many organic may still taste better. Food irradiation is worse than the radiation from a television or microwave. The ionizing radiation processes use on aliment break up molecules and deplete food of essential vitamins and enzymes. Many pesticides are linked to diseases. An example is glufosinate, which is commonly used on sugar beets and canola, has been shown to arrive at birth defects.Chemical companies influence the government to raise the acceptable levels of chemicals in foods so that they can distinguish more money on their product without concern for the environment and the safety of people. The Environmental Protection mode (EPA) is encouraging the use of bio solids (human waste) to be used as fertilizers in order to solve the problem of there being too much waste than they know what to do with. They problem is that industrial waste and cyanogenic chemicals get mixed in. Many toxins such as PCBs, DDT, asbestos, dioxins, and toxic heavy metals are being used in the cultivation of food.Yuck. Another problem we face is the use of hormones and antibiotics in our livestock. Bovine growth hormones discontinue up in our dairy products, and those BGHs and linked to prostate and breast cancer. The ingestion of antibiotics can damage the commensurateness of beneficial bacteria in our bodies and create drug-resistance, so that if we really get sick, antibiotics may not work anymore. Many people may try to eat healthier by cutting down on fast-foods and processed foods by eating more fruits and vegetables, but this can even defeat itself.For example, non-organic spinach contains for pesticide equalizer than any other fruit or vegetable. The twel ve most contaminated crops are strawberries, green and carmine bell peppers, spinach, cherries (US), peaches, cantaloupe (Mexico), celery, apples, apricots, green beans, grapes (Chile), and cucumbers. More than 90% of all pesticides used dont even reach the desired plant they were used on There are many reasons to buy organic foods. You will protect future generations- decrease the cancer causing pesticides in foods.You will prevent soil erosion- soil is the foundation of our food chain, and chemicals fertilizers deplete healthy soil. You will protect water quality- water makes of three-fourths of the planet, and the EPA has estimated that pesticides contaminate the ground water in over thirty-eight states. You will save energy- modern culture uses more petroleum than any other industry, but organic farming is based mainly on labor intensive practices and uses green manure to build up soil.Youll keep chemicals off of your plate- the EPA considers 60% of herbicides, 90% of fungicid es, and 30% of insecticides carcinogenic. You will protect farm worker health- over one million people are poisoned annually by pesticides, and farmers exposed to herbicides have a six times greater risk of undertake cancer. Youll help small farmers- most organic farms are small and independently owned, and the US has lost more and 650, 000 family farms in the past decade. Youll promote biodiversity- insects become genetically resistant to insecticides, and soil is left lacking inherent minerals and nutrients if chemicals are used.And the number one reason to buy organic- your food will taste better and contain more essential vitamins and nutrients Pittsburgh Organic and some helpful websitesEast End Food Co-op 7516 Meade street PGH, PA 15208 412-242-3598 E House Company 1511 East Carson Street PGH, PA 412-488-7455 www. eastendfood. coop www. nascigs. com -request a turn carton of smokes www. cleanvibes. com www. organicconsumers. org www. odemagazine. net www. organickitchen. c om www. sare. org www. themeatrix. com.

Alvin Ailey †Cry Essay

Select TWO contrasting movement phrases. For each phraseDescribe the main composition identifiedDiscuss the purpose of the motif within the context of the work Describe how the motif is manipulated and change to create the phrase with respect to the elements of composition (space, time and kinetics) Analyse how the phrase contributes to the context of the work and why the choreographer selected this phrase to confront the intent of the work.Alvin Aileys re presentlyned choreography, Cry, has become an outstanding success as he represents the hardships of black women that have endured geezerhood of slavery and hardship. The piece is a solo performance by Judith Jamison, created for each(prenominal) black women everywhere especially our mothers1, and has impacted auditions worldwide as he takes them on a signature trip of desolate misery, violent oppression and prideful exult. Ailey use of goods and servicess a variety of dance techniques and elements of dance to impersona te the suffering of slavery in the Afri send away society, including core motifs, costume, music, space, time and dynamics. The motifs presented are manipulated with these elements of dance to create phrases and portray the intent of the work, distinguishing the changes in mood and tone throughout the sections. Ailey has used various manipulations of motif to present his experience of the African American women who have endured years of slavery. Divided into three sections, the piece introduces the terpsichorean in smock costuming as she holds the main motif of the phrase, the white shawl.The dancer begins holding the shawl preceding(prenominal) her head with her implements of war outstretched, and brings it forward in front of her in a check and bear on manner as the music begins to play. memory it carefully across her body, the shawl can be seen as representative of her life and her nurses, and her use of slow and carry on dynamics symbolises the worth of the she-bop . As she places the white fabric carefully downstage centre, she throws both sides of the scarf in opposite didacticss and swipes her hand over the scarf gently on a sagittal plane across her body, repeating the movement on either sides. The swipingmovements across her body are manipulated through the dance are manipulated as the movement is performed speedyer and with increased torso generated movement. The arm movements are also changed in direction as she reaches her arms above her and on a frontal plane. The arm movements in context can be viewed as a pleading for help and escape from the suffering of slavery. The motif of the scarf or shawl is consistent as she expresses her exasperation behind the scarf, dancing centre stage and across its length. This suggests she is confined by her own body as she lives a life of slavery because of her ethnic background.The phrase continues as she picks up the scarf off the floor and falls to her knees, using the scarf to wipe the floor in a quick and staccato dynamic. This movement reflects her daily routine of hard work and oppression, and the use of sharp dynamics suggests her exasperation and need to escape from her labor movement. The repetition of throwing either side of the scarf in opposite directions is repeated, and instantly followed by the lifting of the scarf in a ready and erratic manner. The repetition of this movement followed by the stint suggests a new stage in her life as she recurrence to wrap the scarf somewhat her body, lifting her torso and head in the process as she projects to the audience. The projection signifies pride within herself and her heritage, as the scarf is representative of her life and her values. Ailey furthermore underlines the pride of her heritage as she wraps the scarf around her head, as if to better her dignity and honour. The motif of the scarf throughout this phrase has been manipulated to represent variant things, such as her value of life, her struggles with s lavery and her pride and honour of her heritage. Ailey uses repetition of movement and abstraction to portray her journey, using slow and sustained movements to represent the worth of the scarf as she is careful and wary as she holds in it front of her, and quick, vigorous movements to symbolise the exasperation and struggle of being a slave.The movement representation of African American womens struggles can be contrasted to the first phrase of Section Three, in which Ailey uses movement to symbolise the ecstatic joy of overcoming oppression. The phrase begins with the dancer in a deep plie with back and head hunched over. From this position, the dancer proceeds to lift herself by performing a full-body roll up. Once she is standing tall and projecting to the audience with her head and torso lifted, the R&B song Right On. Be Free begins to play, immediately introducing a sense offreedom and liberty. The dancers dynamics reflect the beat of the music, moving her hips and torso in a fast and jerky manner. This release of energy symbolises the joy of overcoming the oppression of slavery, and is used throughout the phrase in different manipulations. The first manipulation of the strong release of energy in the hips and torso is seen as the dancer throws her arms and legs in the air in different directions. This symbolises the boiling sensation of joy and happiness has overcome the dancer entirely and is now moving freely without limitations. The pathways used in this phrase are unsystematic as she moves around the stage randomly and without any sense of order, although her use of levels is mostly high and projected above her as if to praise and cheer in her newfound freedom.The second manipulation of the torso generated movements can be seen in the circular leaps and turns across the stage. This, in conjunction with the continuous torso generated movements reinforces the liberty of movement as she excitedly turns and pirouettes around the stage. The repetition of the torso generated movements and reaching of the arms above her highlights the will to endure the years of slavery in order to achieve freedom, and the success in that particular endeavour. The dancer is once once again dancing behind the scarf laid out in front of her, in which before symbolised the confinement of her own body, but with the contrasting music and overall tone of this phrase through her use of dynamics, it is now symbolising the acceptance of her turbulent history and the pride she has with overcoming it. This phrase is important as Ailey uses it to communicate the gist it had within the African-American women and how the slavery has impacted them emotionally, using fast, jerky dynamics in contrast with the slow and sustained burden and heaviness of the slavery. In conclusion, Alvin Aileys Cry successfully represents the hardships and struggles of the African-American slaves through his use of dance techniques and elements of dance, as he manipulates motif and dy namics to symbolise the journey of slavery and connect emotionally with his audiences.Ailey uses a variety of manipulations including changes in levels, the use of abstraction, the use of costume (the scarf) and dynamics such as a contrast in slow and sustained movement with fast and jerky release of energy. Through canvas and contrasting two different movement phrases, we are able to see the struggles and fights for freedom in the journey of black women who have endured years of slavery andoppression.

Value of Education

Smarthinkings E-structor Response Form (Your marked-up demonstrate is below this form. ) HOW THIS WORKS Your e-structor has scripted overview comments ab away your essay in the form below. Your e-structor has also embedded comments in bold and in brackets throughout your essay. convey you for choosing Smarthinkings OWL best wishes with revising your paper *Strengths of the essay Hello Angelia, and welcome This is Nicole V. , and I get out be your tutor for this essay. You have a very interesting topic about curfews.I noticed that you started mutilate your essay by directly presenting the subject at hand Curfews do not do detect jejunes out of trouble. They tend to still do what they want. A curfew passel sometimes be a blemish if the teenager is running behind or late, it hind end put pressure on them. Through this, your readers will screw right away what your essay is about. Good job Now, lets move on to your revisions. main Idea/Thesis Angelia, lets get going on impro ving your dissertation statement first. A main idea or thesis statement is the point you be trying to make in your essay.This should always be present because your main idea will serve as the topic in which you will write about. You wrote This does not block them from doing things they argon not supposed to do. They just speed up and do it or make chop terminations under pressure from peers. You were not able to present a give the sack thesis, Angelia. Remember that you are writing an logical argumentative essay. Therefore, your thesis statement should present a rugged position in an issue and defend that argument with reasons.For caseful Minors should not be allowed to alcoholism liquor until they are 18 argument because (reason 1), (reason 2) and (reason 3) supporting points. Youll notice that in the first part of the thesis statement, I presented a clear argument and afterwards provided supporting points, or reasons, why I stand by this argument. Therefore, what is your argument in this issue of giving teenagers a curfew? What is the message you are trying to get across to your readers? How canister you defend your position on the matter?Devising a clear thesis will help your readers check the purpose and the main idea of your essay, Angelia. To help you with this, you can refer to this lesson in the Smarthinking Writers Handbook on Thesis Development. Organization Angelia, organization is important because this is where you arrange the flow of your ideas. If your organization is good, this allows the readers to understand your essay better. The outline is based on how you presented your thesis statement, Angelia.However, because you were not able to present a clear argument, you were not able to defend your reasons for argument well through proper organization. Now, for example, based on the thesis I presented above Minors should not be allowed to drink liquor until they are 18 because (reason 1), (reason 2) and (reason 3). Therefore, Angelia , the corpse paragraphs should be arranged in such a way that I can discuss individually discussion point, as presented in my thesis statement, separately I.Introduction II. discernment 1 III. Reason 2 IV. Reason 3 V. Conclusion Providing an outline will help you write your paragraphs in line with your general topic, and allotting one and only(a) paragraph to discuss each point will allow you to write your answers with concentration. Now, based on the example given, how can you kick in this process of forming an outline to your essay, based on your own thesis? To help you with this, you can refer to this lesson in the Smarthinking Writers Handbook on Arguing a Position. Angelia 5443747 has requested that you serve to the Transitions Angelia, one way to establish a good flow of ideas in your essay is to use diversity lyric. Transition lyric poem are like devices that link ideas and sentences to establish a connection. For example, instead of saying I outweart like Chinese f ood. I like Japanese. you can say I dont like Chinese food. However, I like Japanese. Doesnt that sound much better? For example, you whitethorn use a transition device to transition to this paragraph Curfews are make to ensure the whereabouts of the child.They are made for their protection. Curfews can help keep them safe and also save their life. It will keep them off the streets at all hours of the night. They will help you grow up with values and respect that will reappearance you a dogged way in life. Here are a few transition words and phrases that might be helpful to improve your transitions * When showing additional ideas and, also, in addition, furtherto a greater extent * When giving examples for example, for instance, specifically * When comparing also, likewise, similarly When contrasting however, on the former(a) hand, yet, although * When summarizing or concluding therefore, in some other words * When showing the time after, before, during, next, finally, meanwhil e, immediately * When showing the place or direction above, below, nearby, close, far, left, right * When indicating logical relationships therefore, consequently, as a result, thus, since, because Based on these sample transition words I gave, how can you now apply these to improve your essay? You can use these to transition from one idea to another, as well as between paragraphs.Use it wisely good luck, Angelia *Angelia 5443747 has requested that you respond to the Word Choice Angelia, I will deletion commenting on this area first because right now, there are more important areas you need to center on. When youve worked on those, you can resubmit your essay to us at Smarthinking and well beamingly help you with the rest. Summary of adjacent Steps Our session ends here, Angelia. To make sure you make the best out of your paper, here is a limited review of things you need to work on * Develop an argumentative thesis statement. * Organize your essay based on the supporting point s of your argument. Improve your sentence/paragraph transitions with the use of transition devices. I hope my suggestions serve you well in your revision. Dont hesitate to send us your essays and revisions as we are always glad to be of help. All the best Nicole V. Find additional resources in Smarthinkings online library You can find more information about writing, grammar, and usage in Smarthinkings student handbooks. You can visit the Smarthinking Writers Handbook or the Smarthinking ESOL (English for speakers of other languages) Writers Handbook. ************************************************************************ Please look for more comments in your essay below. Thank you for visiting Smarthinking. We encourage you to submit hereafter essays. *************************************************************************Angelia Nash Professor Smith Eng1123 003 07 Jan 2013 DO CURFEWS KEEP TEENS OUT OF TROUBLE Curfews do not help keep teenagers out of trouble. They tend to still do what they want. A curfew can sometimes be a disadvantage if the teenager is running behind or late, it can put pressure on them.This does not stop them from doing things they are not supposed to do. They just speed up and do it or make hash decisions under pressure from peers. Dont forget to present your thesis, Angelia. The thesis is important as it presents your argument and the pick out points in which you will defend it. Teenagers with curfews still smoke, drink, skip school and have unprotected sex. On the other hand some parents believe in curfews because it will cut down on the trouble they can get into if they are home by the curfew time. Curfews do not decrease crime.Most of the crimes that are committed are done when they break curfew. The purpose of curfews is to keep them safe and at home by a equal time. Teenagers that do not have a certain time to be home have a lot more freedom and fun than should be allowed by parents. It is not a wise decision for a teenager t o go and come as they please. They have no responsibility or work ethnics and nothing to strive for. They have no boundaries set for them, which is needed, nor learning how to be productive adults. If a teen gets to do as they please, the role of the adult is played by the teen not the parent. You used the comma butterfly properly to present the introductory element in this sentence, Angelia. Observing proper punctuation helps enhance the legibility of your paper. Keep it up. They will in the end become very disrespectful because they have not been taught. They will not be used to authority from the so called parent. Curfews are made to ensure the whereabouts of the child. They are made for their protection. Curfews can help keep them safe and also save their life. It will keep them off the streets at all hours of the night. They will help you grow up with alues and respect that will take you a long way in life. A curfew is a vital part of a teenager growing up with morals. They ne ed to be able to get eight hours of sleep at night. This will not fall out if they do not have a cutoff point. A lack of sleep leads to bad grades, dire attitudes, slacking on activities and disrespectful towards those in the authority to tell the child what to do. You can develop your death further, Angelia. The conclusion is a chance for you to recap the important points of your essay. Your thesis statement should also be built here, to effectively wrap your discussion up.